Hmm, I haven't voted yet but let me talk about what I am thinking when I read this question.  The first two responses work for me.  They are goals that can be accomplished in one year.  The next two, getting a degree and writing a book, seem to me that they will take more than a year and therefore would have had to have been started before or finished after the year.  I'm not sure how teaching a course would help anybody except a consultant for which teaching a course is a viable marketing technique.  The last one, practical experience, now that I think about it is probably the best way to advance in one year.  Getting involved in anything and everything security is one of the best ways to increase knowledge.  This knowledge/experience is the driving force behind interviewing well and being able to perform required tasks associated with security.

My vote, obviously will be the final answer "Gain More Practical Experience."  That said, I already have many certifications, a Bachelors and a Masters degree.  I don't plan on writing a book but I do plan on having monthly security discussion groups which will be the closest I get to teaching a course.  What this tells me is that that majority of the answers do not apply to me.

I hope this helps a little,
Cutaway

-  Pass a Certification Exam
At present I think I have enough certs. I might think of getting more towards the end of 2007 or in 2008.
-  Attend Courses / Continuing Ed
Yes, definately, this was a big contender but didn't get my vote. I know my work will be giving me courses anyway whether I want them or not so they'll contribute to my present jobs progress.
-  Get My Bachelors / Masters / PhD
This won't help me at my present stage of my career - perhaps later on in a few years time.
-  Get Book or Article Published
Publishing a book is not realistic for me, however if I was to publish a lot of KB articles it would be noticed by upper management.
-  Teach a Course
No!
-  Gain More Practical Experience
Yes, this got my vote.