What I am looking for is a pointer to best and secure methods for getting and sending data from the forms on the html pages to the web browser to the server, etc. I want any and all data that is visible in the address bar to be as discreet as possible. Of course, I would also like any sniffed data to also be discreet.
Then, just like cd1zz said, use SSL. Encryption will provide you all that.
I would assume that one practice is to make data values have obscure names
"security through obscurity" is not advisable at all.
Basically this impresses me because a lot of information seems hidden from the user and I want to learn how to do something similar in my own web-based data systems.
You not being able to see something doesn't mean that it isn't there and somebody can't reach it.